BANGKOK/WASHINGTON, Oct 13 — The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned against "complacency" in global financial markets, citing risks from an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven selloff, rising government bond yields, or cyberattacks as potential threats facing still-resilient markets.
In its Global Financial Stability Report, it said that AI investments have so far helped offset economic drags from war in the Middle East and overall policy uncertainty. But the IMF noted "growing evidence" that AI capabilities may not require as much investment, or the potential economic gains may not be as large as expected.
"An AI market correction will affect the real economy," said its Monetary and Capital Markets Department deputy director Athanasios Vamvakidis at a media briefing in Bangkok, Thailand today.
He said that while global risk sentiment was very strong, underpinned by solid earnings and optimism about AI, such "resilience is not necessarily safety". An AI correction would affect wealth and investment and could spill into broader markets.
In its report, the IMF noted that the risk of such a selloff, as well as a spike in sovereign bond yields or a major cyberattack, were among "plausible near-term catalysts" that policymakers should monitor.
While each of these risks might be manageable on its own, Vamvakidis said that they could also trigger vulnerabilities with potential systemic implications.
If momentum in AI investment slows, growing leverage in the sector could exacerbate any shock by triggering forced selling and higher volatility. For example, hyperscalers now represent 10 per cent of global investment-grade bond issuance, up from less than one per cent in 2024.
"The consequences of an AI correction could be global," the IMF warned, calling on policymakers to curb leverage use, including derivatives and margin loans, where it is "excessive."
Rising yields
Bond market risks have worsened since its April report, as higher energy prices have driven government bond yields up. Historically high sovereign debt levels and unresolved fiscal deficits in major economies were adding to the pressure.
"The market is concerned about absorption potential of the huge issuance that is coming from the sovereigns and increasingly also from the private sector, at the time that central banks are shrinking their balances, and we have to rely more on price-sensitive investors," Vamvakidis said.
The IMF report stated that bond markets have dealt with the stress well so far, with hedge funds able to unwind some of their repurchase agreement borrowing without triggering turmoil in repo markets. The group called on policymakers to put public debt on a sustainable path.
On cyber threats, a lack of resources, particularly in emerging markets, and a growing reliance on a small number of critical providers were making cyber defence more difficult.
In over 70 per cent of cases so far in 2026, software providers have had almost no time to patch vulnerabilities before they were exploited, a 20-percentage-point jump from a year ago. It noted that while AI can help address some of these risks, models were also making cyberattacks more sophisticated.
The IMF cautioned that a major attack affecting a critical service or financial institution could undermine confidence, which could quickly ripple throughout markets. It called on policymakers to boost cybersecurity capacity, including stricter oversight of third-party technology vendors.
Its stress test models showed banks' capital cushions remained robust even in a hypothetical downturn triggered by an AI slowdown and bond market fragility. But the IMF warned of "pockets of weakness," with banks representing 22 per cent of global banking assets found to have "weak" capital levels under the test, up from 18 per cent under the 2025 test.
