ADEN, Sept 12 — Saudi Arabia has shut down its East-West pipeline after the vital oil conduit came under aerial attack in the widening Middle East war, threatening to send energy prices even higher.
The world’s largest crude oil exporter temporarily closed the pipeline after a drone attack that both Baghdad and Riyadh said had originated in Iraq, where Iranian-backed militias operate. Iraq dismissed a military commander today in response to the attack.
The 1,200km pipeline running across the Arabian Peninsula had helped Saudi Arabia to bypass a shipping logjam in the Strait of Hormuz, where tanker traffic has slowed to a trickle due to the six-month war between the United States and Iran.
The Saudi Energy Ministry said it had shut the pipeline as a precaution. The line has been moving four million to five million barrels per day in recent months, amounting to 4 to 5 per cent of global supply, according to ship tracking companies and analysts.
It was not immediately clear who was responsible for the strikes. Satellite images showed black smoke rising from an area of the pipeline south of Medina. The attack resulted in some injuries and damage that was being assessed, the Saudi Foreign Ministry said without detailing the impact on exports.
The attack came as Iran-aligned Houthi rebels in Yemen tightened their grip in the Red Sea, which combined with the Strait of Hormuz disruptions has put an energy squeeze on both sides of the Arabian Peninsula and sent global oil prices back above US$100 per barrel.
Four Yemeni government sources told Reuters Houthis had seized the strategic island of Perim yesterday at the mouth of the Red Sea, in the Bab el-Mandeb strait.
The dual attacks reported yesterday — on the pipeline and Perim Island — could represent a dangerous escalation while diplomatic efforts to end the war have stalled.
In a post on X today, Ebrahim Azizi, head of the Iranian parliament's national security committee, said: “As long as the American side does not accept all of Iran’s conditions, dialogue and negotiation are of no use.”
Saudi Arabia has asked Washington for military help with the Houthis, sources said, at a time when higher fuel prices during the war have already exacted a political toll on US President Donald Trump and his Republican Party ahead of November congressional elections.
The East-West pipeline was hit on Thursday morning in Saudi Arabia’s Riyadh and Medina regions, the Saudi Energy Ministry said.
The dismissed Iraqi military commander had led operations in Maysan province, according to today’s statement by the Iraqi Prime Minister’s Office. Maysan province, which borders Iran in southeastern Iraq, has long been regarded as an area where Iran-backed Shia militias operate and maintain influence.
Saudi Arabia has opted against retaliation so far following a request from the Iraqi prime minister, the Saudi Foreign Ministry said in a statement, though adding that the kingdom reserves the right to “take all measures necessary” to protect its interests. Iraq’s government condemned the attacks.
Saudi crude supply fell to the lowest levels in more than three decades, the International Energy Agency said yesterday, partly due to attacks on ships transiting Bab el-Mandeb by Houthi-linked groups.
Iraq responded by ordering the closure of the Shalamcheh border crossing between Iraq and Iran as a precautionary measure, two security sources told Reuters. The crossing serves as one of the main routes for the import to Iraq of vegetables and other food supplies from Iran.
The two sources said a wide-scale operation is underway to find those responsible for the pipeline attack.
Counterattack planned
If the Houthis gain control of the Bab el-Mandeb strait, their backer Iran could gain a critical advantage in its war with the US.
Yemeni government forces indicated they would try to retake areas captured by the Houthis — mountain fighters who withstood years of devastating Saudi airstrikes during Yemen’s civil war — in their lightning offensive this week along the Red Sea coastline.
Reuters reported on Thursday that the dramatic Houthi advance down Yemen’s Red Sea coast came with direct guidance from Iran's Revolutionary Guards.
Iran told the Houthis last week to escalate their attacks on Saudi Arabia and promised more funding, weapons and senior officers to help them do so, two Iranian sources said.
Iran describes the Houthis as an ally but publicly denies giving them military direction, saying they are ‘not a proxy’.
Houthi military spokesperson, Yahya Saree, said maritime navigation remained safe for all shipping except Saudi vessels subject to a previously announced ban.
Saudis seek help
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman called Trump at least twice on Thursday to request US military help in fighting the Houthis, two sources familiar with the matter told Reuters yesterday, confirming an earlier report by Axios.
Washington told Riyadh it is not willing to take direct military action for now but would help with intelligence sharing and targeting, the two sources said.
The White House did not address a Reuters question on any phone calls between the two leaders, but a senior administration official speaking on the condition of anonymity said Washington was in continuous dialogue with Saudi Arabia and the Yemeni government.
Iran is expected to meet with Gulf states in Oman on Monday to discuss the Strait of Hormuz, the country’s Foreign Ministry said yesterday.
