JAKARTA, Jan 14 — Millions of Indonesian ride-hailing drivers would receive major increases to financial and social benefits under a draft decree being considered by President Prabowo Subianto, two sources said, threatening the profitability of ride-sharing platforms in their largest market in Southeast Asia.
Prabowo is under pressure to respond to drivers' demands for better pay and conditions, particularly after their involvement in widespread student-led protests in August last year demonstrated the political clout of the sector's workforce.
The debate also comes amid concerns about driver welfare amid a potential merger between the two largest ride-hailing platforms in the country, Indonesia's GoTo and Singapore-based rival Grab. Critics of the deal say it will create a monopoly that will work against drivers.
The draft rules, seen by Reuters, detail concessions and potentially immediate enforcement via a presidential decree, which have not been previously reported. It was unclear whether this was the final draft or when it would take effect.
The decree under consideration would slash caps on commissions — the amount ride-hailing companies take from drivers for each trip — to 10 per cent from the current 20 per cent.
Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country that caps commissions for two-wheel ride-hailing services, and a cap would further limit the platforms' margins.
Platforms would also have to pay for drivers' accident and death insurance in full, which could cost companies about US$1 (RM4.05) a month for each of the roughly seven million delivery drivers in the ride-hailing industry.
It would also split health, old-age, and pension premiums for industry workers, potentially further driving up hiring costs.
"Most of the players in the industry cannot sustain these changes," an industry source, who has seen the draft, told Reuters, expressing concern that the insurance fees would mean skyrocketing annual spending.
A second source, who also confirmed the proposals, warned that the costs borne by platforms could lower margins and reduce the number of drivers they can allow on their platform.
Such benefits have for years been resisted by companies, which insist drivers are gig workers, not eligible for the same insurance available to full-time employees.
The draft also authorises the government to review agreements between the companies and online transportation workers, and protects the right to unionise.
The Indonesian government and the Presidential Office did not respond to Reuters' requests for comment.
Political force
The Prabowo administration has been particularly sensitive to appeasing drivers. Presidential spokesman Prasetyo Hadi has labelled them “heroes of the economy.”
"Motorcycle taxi drivers have become an increasingly visible political force, staging multiple protests over commission rates and rights and drawing significant public attention to their grievances," said Singapore-based ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute's senior fellow Siwage Dharma Negara.
He added that the death of a motorcycle taxi rider during the August protests sharply intensified public scrutiny of gig workers’ vulnerability, and likely increased political urgency around worker protection.
In 2024, Indonesia led the Asean taxi market with a 37 per cent share, based on its population and rapid uptake of digital payments, data from India-based research firm Mordor Intelligence showed.
The decree under consideration would also apply to on-demand logistics firms such as Lalamove, a Hong Kong-based company, and global logistics service firm J&T Express, which is listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange.
